The ICC Website is changing. As this transition is made, our new format can be found at www.pesicc.org/ICCWP. Please send any comments or questions to mvh@voncorp.com.
Check this page periodically to learn about the Presentations scheduled for the Fall meeting.
Please Note: This is a only a listing of the
presentations and
DOES NOT IMPLY THE ORDER IN WHICH THEY WILL BE PRESENTED.
Special Working Group Activities
B1 and B2 - Be sure to review the two linked documents prior to the meeting: the Comparison of IEEE 48 and IEEE 404 Test Values and the Comparison of Splice and Termination Test Requirements
NEW !!!!! - Be sure to see the comparison of IEC standards 60502 and 60840
C19 - Chairman Matt Mashikian has announced that the Wednesday meeting will provide a forum for an in-depth discussion of the comments received from N. Ahmed, S. Boggs, E. Gulski, W. Larzelere and R. Mosieri. The comments can be grouped under the following topics:
On-line “testing” versus on-line “monitoring”.
“Time-domain” versus “frequency domain” testing.
PD associated with water treeing.
Excitation voltage types and their attributes.
Interpretation of test results: extruded and PILC cables.
Definitions (harmonization with IEC60270.
Characterization of PD types: “bad” and “innocuous”.
Test report requirements
Other?
In addition, a writing/editing volunteer group will be identified. This group should be willing to meet after the Fall ICC meeting but at least 2 months before the Spring ICC meeting to finalize the writing of the document.
The individuals who sent written comments about the draft and any other participant who wants to discuss these or additional issues are invited to send a request to the Chair/Vice-Chair of the Working Group by October 16, 2000 specifying the subject of the discussion. Every effort will be made to schedule 5-10 minutes per individual for the discussion. Email: Matt Mashikian: mashikian@aol.com Willem Boone: wboone@comcat.com
The comments have been compiled into a single document, along
with a recent article by Steve Boggs and John Densley on PD measurements. Please read the
comments before the meeting to make our time as productive as possible.
Opening Session, Monday 8:00 am - 9:00 am
Subcommittee A - Cable Construction and Design - Tuesday 8:00 am - Noon
8:00 - 8:10 - Introductions, General Business and Announcements - A. MacPhail
Panel Session on Utility Experience with Partial
Discharge Testing of Cable Circuits
Abstract: Many utilities in North America are performing partial discharge (PD) tests on
their medium voltage cable system. There are several different types of PD measuring
equipment available and at least four companies offer PD testing services. This panel
session will provide an opportunity for six utilities, which have carried extensive PD
testing, to discuss their experiences, concerns and conclusions about PD testing. Each
panelist will give a short description of the circuits tested (type of cables,
installation, age, branched lines, etc.), discuss the results and how they are used,
compare the different techniques used, problems encountered, address the important issue
of data interpretation, e.g., cable versus accessory failures, and draw conclusions.
8:10 - 8:15 - Introduction - A. MacPhail
8:15 - 8:35 - S. Heyer, PECO Energy
8:35 - 8:55 - J. Braun, Xcel Energy (formerly Northern States Power)
8:55 - 9:15 - R. Mosier, Northeast Utilities
9:15 - 9:35 - G. Valdes, Florida Power and Light
9:35 - 9:55 - D. Metzinger, Oklahoma Gas and Electric
9:55 - 10:15 - K. Bader, Colorado Springs Utilities
10:15 - 10:30 - Coffee Break
10:30 - 11:15 - Discussions/questions for all panelists
General Session
11:15 - 11:35 - Performance of Flexible Insulation Under Accelerated
Aging
Yi-Jun Sun, Haridoss Sarma, Evangeline Cometa (AT Plastics Inc.)
Abstract: Using recent advances in polymer technology, a new flexible insulation has been
developed and evaluated for medium voltage power cable application. The performance of
this flexible insulation under different material and cable testing (ASTM plaque,
miniature cables and full size 15 kV cables using ‘44' accelerated cable life test)
will be presented. The practical issues related to the development and manufacture of this
insulation will also be addressed.
11:35 - 11:55 - EPRI Project 6306-01 Case Study - Comparison of ACLT
Test Results on Field-Aged and New XLPE-Insulated Cables
M. Walton (BICC General)
Abstract: A Weibull plot of the ACLT failure times of a field-aged 1972 vintage
XLPE-insulated cable is compared with a plot obtained on new XLPE-insulated cables (1987
vintage). Multiple failure modes are clearly evident in the field-aged cable Weibull plot
versus a single failure mode in the Weibull plot of the new cable failures. A very strong
correlation is demonstrated between the rapid ACLT failures of the field-aged cable and
discrete partial discharge sites identified during in-situ diagnostic testing of the cable
prior to its removal. Microscopic examination of the ACLT failure sites is shown to be
very beneficial in explaining the multiple failure modes exhibited by the field-aged
cable.
11:55 - 12:15 - Up-date on Tests on Water Tree Retardant XLPE
Eric Marsden (Nova-Borealis)
Subcommittee B - Accessories - Monday 9:00 am - Noon
Investigation of Elbow and Insulated Bushing Cap Flashovers During
Unloaded Switching
R. Walling, GE
Power Systems Energy Consulting; D. Komassa, Wisconsin Electric Power
Company: J. Lazar, Northern States Power Company: G. Shattuck,
Alabama Power Company
Abstract: Utility operating experience has revealed persistent occurrence of unexplained
flashovers while switching elbows to drop unloaded cables and lightly loaded cables, and
to perform parallel loop breaking operations. This problem is generally confined to 35 kV
and 25 kV systems. Extensive testing has been performed by the DSTAR utility group in an
effort to identify the responsible phenomena, and to parametrically relate flashovers to
operating conditions. A large number of pulling operations were performed with 15.2/26.3
kV and 21.1/36.6 kV loadbreak elbows and caps with large and small interface designs under
a wide range of conditions, including variations in pulling dynamics, connected cable
capacitance, lubrication, and environmental conditions. In addition, mechanical tests were
performed to characterize relationships between pulling force, displacement, and partial
vacuum developed between the elbow and bushing during pulling. Although the results are
inconclusive, due to the low flashover incidence obtained in the laboratory as compared to
the field, the test results provide significant information. In particular, the results
imply that simplistic explanations and solutions being provided to the industry may be
incomplete, and that there are complexities to the phenomena which are yet to be fully
understood.
Installation and Application of the On-Line Fault Distance Monitor
Gene Baker, Flordia Power Corp.
Abstract: This new cable circuit device can be applied to any point on single and three
phase circuits and at their loop open points. The device functions to pinpoint the fault
distance from the monitoring location to an accuracy of nominally 0.5%-2% of the circuit
length. The functioning is independent of circuit parameters except for the cable
characteristics which are programmed at the time of the installation. Since the
installation is typically at only one location, the installation and operating costs may
be lower than FCI's.
Accelerating Pipe Cable Construction Driven by Schedule
D. P. Johnsen, ComEd
Abstract:The transmission line design for the new station began in the middle December
1999. The new station was schedule to be in service by June 1, 2000. This service date was
accomplished with great effort on the part of engineering, material suppliers and the
construction forces. In order to facilitate this accelerated schedule underground
transmission engineering recommended a critical design change to the line layout and
developed several new design concepts. A new method to lower a shallow 138kV-pipe line
which eliminates the need to excavate and support the line for several hundred feet.
Installation of a precast manhole around an existing energized 138kV, pipe type cable line
and a new precast termination foundation design.
Accelerating Pipe Cable Construction Using Precast Concrete
Technology
D. P. Johnsen and J. M. Gburek, ComEd, Chicago, Illinois
Abstract: In order to save time and limit congestion on a new construction site it was
decided to try two new applications of precast concrete. Precast concrete has been around
for many years and its uses are almost limitless through out the building construction
industry. We’ve known from experience that a precast concrete manhole saves field
construction time and is more cost effective when compared to poured in place manholes.
However historically, precast concrete for underground transmission line construction has
been limited to new manholes on new lines. The first new application was the installation
of a precast manhole around an existing energized 138kV, pipe type cable line. The second
new precast development was to design a termination foundation for the pipe type cable
system. The new precast foundations had to accommodate the existing termination support
structures. A second requirement was that the foundations had to be shipped without
requiring any special permitting or care.
Subcommittee C - Cable Systems - Tuesday 2:00 pm - 5:30 pm
PD Knowledge Rules for Condition Assessment of Distribution Power
Cables
Ed Gulski, Delft University of Technology, High Voltage Laboratory,
Delft, The Netherlands, Frank J. Wester, Nuon Infra Noord-Holland,
Alkmaar, The Netherlands
Abstract: From the point of view of a power utility, insight in the condition of their
medium voltage power cable network becomes more and more important to guarantee a reliable
and secure power supply. Nowadays, modern measuring techniques give the opportunity to
identify faulty sections in power cable systems on-site, so only the defective metres or
accessory can be replaced before failure occurs. For several years, detection and
localisation of partial discharges (PD) using AC voltages is internationally accepted as a
symptomatic, reliable diagnostic method for the determination of the quality of insulation
systems. In that respect, different energising methods have been introduced and employed
in recent years. Furthermore, also from a point of view of the utilities, the requirements
for the used diagnostic tool are as follows:
symptomatic for cable insulation degradation;
AC voltage stress conditions;
IEC recommendation related quantities;
providing distinction between different types of insulation problems;
providing PD location mapping
It is known that PD detection and localisation is a useful tool for the identification of degradation processes in the insulation material of cable systems. This presentation discusses on the basis of typical field experiences the ageing problems in the medium voltage power cable networks. In particular, using advanced PD diagnosis at oscillating wave voltages (in the range of few hundreds of Hz) important systematic information is evaluated: PD inception/extinction voltages, PD amplitude, PD pattern and PD location (cable or accessories). As a result evaluation criteria and knowledge rules for degradation processes in the different insulation systems can be derived to support condition assessment of the cable system.
Recent Development and Results of Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines
(GIL)
Hermann Kock, Siemens AG
Abstract: This presentation describes the results of a joint feasibility study by three
leading German utilities together and an electrical equipment manufacturer concerning the
feasibility of a directly buried GIL to be implemented into the 400 kV transmission net.
The goal of the feasibility study was to clarify the technical and economical
possibilities given by a directly buried Gas-Insulated Transmission Line (GIL). In this
feasibility study focus was given to possible applications to dimensioning, commissioning,
project management, testing, and quality insurance. Finally the feasibility study
specified the maximum system cost. The outcome of this feasibility study was to develop
directly buried GIL including all type tests, specified by IEC 61640, and to carry out a
long duration test with a prototype including all GIL units needed for transmission
system. In this long duration test the life time of 50 years should be simulated and the
laying technique should be proven for the usability under on-site conditions. This type
test and long duration test program is now concluded and will be described in this
presentation.
HV On-Site Testing on Cables by Alternating Voltage of Variable
Frequency
Dr. Stefan Shierig, HV Technologies, Inc.
Abstract: Frequency-tuned resonant test systems are, meanwhile, state-of-the-art for
on-site testing and diagnostics on high-voltage plastic-insulated cables. The paper
describes the basic idea and relations of this particular type of test systems. After
experience with several realised systems, the technical data, especially the specific
weight, and the performance have been further optimised. A specially adapted diagnostic
technique has been developed for the application together with test systems of variable
frequency. Basic research on cable samples with different failures has obviously qualified
AC voltage near to the power frequency to be the optimum test voltage wave shape.
Resulting from these it is logical to apply this test voltage shape also on medium-voltage
cable systems. An example is also introduced in this paper. The latest international
standard issues in this field consider already the described testing method.
Assessing Dissipation Factor Stability
Jim Hansen and Steve Szaniszlo, Union Carbide Corp.
Abstract: Dissipation factor stability following accelerated aging at emergency overload
conditions is a criteria under consideration to qualify a cable design at a 105°C
temperature rating but a stability criteria is not available in industry specification
manuals. The ICEA volume resistivity stability test method was examined to assess
dissipation factor stability of aged cables and from this an alternate stability test
method was developed. The proposed method assesses stability by comparing the current
observation to the geometric mean of the previous three observations. This paper discusses
the VR test method and its use in assessing DF stability. The VR stability formula is
examined, and DF stability data from recently tested cables are used to illustrate its use
as a DF stability assessment method.
Establishment of Realistic Thermal Resistivity Values for Operational
and Planning Functions
Jim Lyall, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Australia
Abstract: The least understood and consequent high risk factor in determining a cable
rating is the soil thermal resistivity. This presentation describes a new approach for a
more informed and thus reduced risk decision on its value. An automated field monitoring
station that obtains daily values of soil thermal resistivity and diffusivity using a new
method with a spherical heating source will be described and an analysis of the results
obtained will be given. The daily variations have been correlated with rainfall data and
show the dramatic variations that can occur in relatively dry periods and the consistently
low values of thermal resistivity achieved over periods with consistent rainfall. An
example is given where a ratings increase of more than 60% was achieved over an extended
period. It has also been possible to obtain data to predict the distribution of thermal
resistivity values that can be expected in each month of a year. By correlating thermal
resistivity values with rainfall data it was possible to plot a curve of thermal
resistivity against number of weeks without rain. Then by accessing 100 years of weather
bureau rainfall data, reliable probability distributions of monthly thermal resistivity
values can be established. This provides data for planning engineers to decide a suitable
value of thermal resistivity and quantify the risk associated with this choice.
The Use of Oscillating Wave Test Systems (OWTS) with PD Site
Location-- Field Experiences in Canada and the US
Bill Larzelere, Evergreen Consulting
Abstract: Field tests using a state of the art, light weight, AC test system with an
integrated PD measurement system is described with data taken from three North American
utilities. The medium voltage cables tested were found in typical installations, some with
numerous joints and were situated in typical noisy environments. The results of these
tests, showing the location of the partial discharge sites, is shown.
Arizona Public Service Rio Salado Project
Ted Nishioka, Arizona Public Service
Abstract: This presentation will focus on the 230kV XLPE solid dielectric cable
installation at Tempe Town Lake Area (Rio Salado Project), currently the United
States’ longest 230kV solid dielectric cable installation, and the only 230kV solid
dielectric cable installed with joints in this country. The presentation will describe how
Arizona Public Service coordinated this installation, the timeframe, and the cable and its
accessories
Field Monitoring and Laboratory Testing of EP and TR-XLPE
Distribution Cables
Carlos Katz, Cable Technology Laboratories, Inc.
Abstract: Five commercial EP and one TR-XLPE, 15 kV cables are being aged in the
laboratory and in field service on a Utility Distribution System. Six different
manufacturers made the cables. This report updates the test results obtained after
periodic removal of cable samples from three different aging sites. Two aging sites are
located at Orange and Rockland Utilities Distribution System. At the first site, the
cables are in normal 15 kV service. At the second site, the 15 kV cables are being aged
under accelerated voltage conditions in a 35 kV service area. The third set of cables is
being aged under accelerated aging conditions at Cable Technology Laboratories. Line
voltage, voltage surges, load currents; earth, duct and cable temperatures on the systems,
are being field monitored. This presentation upgrades the project results.
Subcommittee D - Station, Control and Utilization Cables - Wednesday 8:00 am - Noon
8:00 - 8:10 - Introductions, General Business and Announcements - K. W. Brown, Chairman
8:10 - 8:30 - Recent Advances in Ampacity Calculations for Cables in
Trays
Dr. William
Black, Georgia Tech
Abstract: The Standard for calculating the ampacity of cables in trays dates back to 1969
and it remains unchanged today. The present Standard does not account for randomly loaded
cables, the effect of tray covers or the presence of fire stop material. This talk will
focus on recent advances that can be used to formulate an ampacity model that will remove
these restrictions. The up-to-date model builds on the original Standard by proposing
simple extensions to the model that accommodate complex features that are not considered
in the original Standard.
8:30 - 8:50 - Cable Penetration Firestop Testing
Scott Groesbeck, Duke Engineering Services
Abstract: The use of cable penetration fire stops is essential to the protection of
structures, systems and components associated with facilities in which they are installed.
Cable penetration fire stops are also vital to the protection of personnel in the event of
a fire. This presentation will provide a basic overview of the cable penetration fire stop
qualification process. In addition, this presentation will point out challenges facing the
fire stopping industry in light of proposed changes to the IEEE 634 standard, as well as,
potential challenges resulting from an increased use of fiber optic cables.
8:50 - 9:10 - Testing Cables in the Presence of a Pre-ionized Gas
Jean Marie Braun and John Densley, Kinectrics
Abstract: The assessment of the condition of control cable circuits in nuclear power
plants is of paramount interest to the plant operators. While electrical stress is very
low, deterioration can occur as a result of oxidation of insulation and gradual
embrittlement, leading ultimately to cracking. As well cables can be damaged during
installation, resulting in local thinning of the insulation and risk of exposure of the
conductor. While this condition is without consequence under normal operating conditions,
these cables would fail in the presence of conductive contamination.
Electrical tests are inherently attractive as diagnostic tests since they offer the
potential of assessing an entire cable run rather than a pre-determined, accessible local
area. Unfortunately, the conventional test methods have limited applicability to
unshielded cables because of the lack of a well-defined, stable ground plane. In
installations where cables are run in metallic conduits, it is possible to simulate a
shielded cable condition, for instance by using easily-ionizable gases, and to perform
standard tests with the expected efficacy.
The presentation describes the efforts undertaken to develop a practical condition
monitoring technique for plant cables based on the ionizable gas concept. The presentation
will address issues related to the optimization of the gas (low ionization voltage, large
difference between the ionization threshold and the breakdown voltage), cost of the gas,
etc. Results will also be presented from blind tests conducted to detect insulation
through wall defects in a simulated plant environment, Sandia's ECEF facility. The tests
at Sandia Labs have shown the feasibility of detection and location of through-cuts in
unshielded cables with a high degree of confidence; a broad range of defects (pinholes,
radial and axial cuts and gouges) covering all defects likely to be found in the field
were tested successfully.
9:10 - 9:30 - Considerations for Station Cable Joints
Bob Fulcomer, Plymouth-Bishop
Abstract: A study in the chemistry of joining Station Cables. Materials have been
withdrawn from the market due to the due to the lack of nuclear station construction. The
discussion will center on the performance criteria, the available materials and joint
design.
9:30 - 9:50 - Industrial Cables - A Standards Update
Austin Wetherell, UL
Abstract: This presentation will provide an update on recent revisions, both adopted and
proposed, to the UL Standards covering Industrial, Commercial, and Special Purpose cables.
The Oxygen Index (per ASTM 2863-97) is defined as the minimum oxygen concentration required to support candle like combustion of a material. This test is normally done at room temperature, however with special equipment we are able to determine this property at elevated temperatures. This paper will also explore the temperature at which compounds will support combustion at the ambient oxygen concentration of 21%. The interest in this work grows from the recognition that most fires involve burning from lower levels to higher levels. The rising heat creates an environment of elevated temperature on the cable. This heat may affect the combustibility of the cable by pre-heating/pre-melting the material or driving off flame retardant.
10:35 - 10:55 - Fire Performance – A Synergistic Approach
T. Clancy and C.L. Flenniken, General Cable, BICC Utility Products
Abstract: The recognized approach to specifying cable designs for LSNH installations in
the North American industry combines independent material specifications and test data to
determine the suitability of multicomponent cables. Specifications for Transit and
Military installations are used to illustrate the importance of low smoke and fume
performance for Station Control and Utilization Cables. A synergistic, functional design
approach encompassing the materials of construction, cable design and installation factors
is recommended for fire hazard assessment. This prefered functional design approach is
supported by recognized and established fire performance tests. These tests directly
address those features characteristic of burning cables which could result in costly
damage (both loss of life and to equipment).
10:55 - 11:15 - Exudation of Plasticizers from PVC Insulation
Components
Peter Wronski, Altran Corporation
Abstract: Some recent industry incidents have brought to light a problem concerning the
aging of plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) components. Case studies will be described
where exudation of the plasticizer and subsequent degradation of the PVC has caused other
problems or degradation mechanisms. A discussion of incorporation of plasticizers in PVC
formulations and the factors that initiate the exudation of the plasticizers will be
presented. The adverse effects of the plasticizers on other systems will be discussed.
11:15 - 11:35 - Qualification of Fiber Optic Cables for Nuclear
Service
Jim Gleason, GLS Enterprises and Jan Pirrong, CableLAN
Products, Inc.
Abstract: For over the last 25 years, safety related cables have been qualified to IEEE
Std 323-74 and IEEE Std 383. The type of cables qualified varied greatly in materials, but
one common denominator was that they had to be insulated conductor cables since the
conductors had to maintain sufficient insulating integrity. The predominant qualification
criterion was proof of a cable's insulating capability. The new advent of safety related
applications utilizing fiber optic cable change the focus of qualification programs. New
performance characteristics are more important than insulation properties. Therefore the
design of safety related fiber optic cable focuses on performance of fiber materials. The
design of the qualification program, while maintaining traditional qualification concepts,
also includes research elements necessary to assure that the new performance criteria are
demonstrated for all the potential effects of harsh environments and the application. This
paper discusses the traditional qualification approach and additional research elements,
not unlike those used in original qualification programs three decades ago.
Italy-Greece Interconnection - The World's Deepest Submarine Power Cable, Aldo Bolza, Pirelli Cables
The First Application of 154kv Premold One Piece Type Joint for Tokyo
Electic Power Company: Teruaki Kawaguchi, Sumitomo Electric U.S.A
Inc.
Abstract: Introduction of compact dimensions and electical performance of 154kv class,
premolded, one piece type joint and long-term off-set test results for duct installation
of cable.
Development of Various Types of Joints for EHV Cable, Teruaki
Kawaguchi, Sumitomo Electric U.S.A Inc.
Abstract: Introduction of the developed and commercialized Y-branch type joint and
transition type joint for EHV cable.
The European ARTEMIS Project
Alfred Campus, Ulf Nilsson BOREALIS AB, Sweden
Abstract:The four year long ARTEMIS project, sponsored by the European Union BRITE - EURAM
programme, has now been running for two years. The objective is to develop a diagnostic
methodology to assess the susceptability of HV and EHV XLPE cable insulation to electrical
ageing and the degree of degradation at any chosen time in the power cable life. The
consortium includes apart from Borealis, supplier of compounds to the wire & cable
industry, two cable manufacturers, PIRELLI and ALCATEL, two utilities EDF and ELECTRABEL
and five european universities from Italy, France and the UK. The technical progress of
the project has been reported in recent papers presented at the DMMA conference in the UK
and CIEDP 2000 in Canada. It is the intention of this communication to summarise the state
and expectations of this research project.
Update on Extruded HVDC Cable Development.
Peter Carstensen, ABB, Västerås, Sweden, Alfred Campus,
Borealis AB, Stenungsund, Sweden Kenneth Johannesson, ABB High Voltage
Cables AB, Karlskrona, Sweden
Abstract: HVDC cables have traditionally been employed to transmit high power over long
distances, mainly through waterways. The cable technology used has up till now been based
on oil or mass impregnated paper insulation systems. However, the maximum operational
temperature of these cables are low and the manufacturing processes are time-consuming and
sensitive. It has therefore long been requested to develop and manufacture extruded HVDC
cables similar to those used in ac cable transmission systems. The world’s first
commercial extruded HVDC cable system was inaugurated November 1999 on the island of
Gotland, Sweden. The event marks a major milestone in cable development in transmission as
well as in distribution technology. The Gotland HVDC Light system, operating at 80 kV dc,
will transmit up to 50 MW of wind generated power over the distance of 72 km through a
bipolar cable link to the load centre in the capital city of Gotland. The materials
development, cable and accessories design, results from long term testing, and field
experience gained from commercially installed extruded HVDC cable systems will be
reviewed.
Construction of the World's First Long-Distance 500 kV XLPE Cable
Line
Thomas Novakovic, Fujikara
America
Abstract: 500 kV XLPE 1 x 5,000 KCM, route length 40 km, 2 circuits - 500kV XLPE cables and extrusion-molded joints have been applied to the Shinkeiyo-Toyosu Line (approx. 40km) of the Tokyo Electric Power Co. Stringent quality control procedures based on new technology have been applied from cable manufacturing to the on-site assembly of the joints. The world's first 500kV long-distance underground transmission line using XLPE cable is scheduled to go into service within the year 2000.
Installation of 500 kV DC Submarine Cable in Japan
Thomas Novakovic, Fujikara America
Abstract: DC 500 kV LPFF, 1 x 6,000 KCM, route length 48 km, four cables -
500kV DC self-contained fluid-filled submarine cables, as large as 190mm in diameter and
100kg/m in weight, have been installed across the Kii Channel in Japan to transmit 2800MW.
These cables are installed to transmit a portion of the electricity generated at
coal-fired power plants recently built on Shikoku Island to the Kansai region on Honshu.
In order to construct a highly reliable transmission line, the submarine cables must have
been embedded throughout this route against heavy sea traffic, and active trawler fishery.
HVAC 400 and 230 kV Transmission Project in Singapore
Thomas Novakovic, Fujikara America
Abstract: 400 kV PPP LPFF, 1 x 4000 KCM, 17 miles 2 circuits 230 kV LPFF, 1 x 4,000 KCM,
18 miles 2 circuits and 6 miles 1 circuit. Fujikura has been awarded the project which is
scheduled to start in May 2001.
380 kV XLPE Project in Saudi Arabia
Thomas Novakovic, Fujikara America
Abstract: 380 kV XLPE, 5,000 KCM, route length 5.6 km, 2 circuits. Fujikura has been
awarded the first XLPE, long distance project with joint application in the Middle East.
The project is scheduled to start operation in May 2001.
Berlin BEWAG 400 kv Project
Daniel Paulin, Alcatel
17 km of 400 kV XLPE Cable 1 600 mm2 copper (Milliken conductor with 6 segments) -
Installation in a tunnel, linking the old East and West Berlin networks; 6 GIS sealing
ends; 15 cross-bonding joints.
Educational Program - Fundamentals of Partial Discharge in the Context of Field Cable Testing - Monday 1:00 pm - 5:30 pm
Fundamentals of PD and PD Detection in the Context of Shielded
Power Cable, Steve Boggs, University
of Connecticut and University of Toronto.
Abstract: Partial discharge (PD) refers to any incomplete breakdown of an electrical
system such as may be caused by discharge in a cavity, discharge between an energized
electrode and a floating component, tracking along an interface, or discharge within an
electrical tree. Traditionally, the details of partial discharge phenomena have been or
interests only to specialists in the field; however, with the advent of widespread PD
testing of distribution cable systems, utility engineers are being called upon to make
decisions based on the results of such testing which can result in million dollar
expenditures. As a result, such engineers need to understand the fundamentals of partial
discharge phenomena, and this presentation will be an introduction thereto, including how
PD signals are generated, on what their amplitude depends, effect of PD on materials, etc.
Very Low Frequency Partial Discharge Detection, an Experienced
Diagnostic Tool for Distribution Cables, Willem Boone,
KEMA Diagnostic Services.
Abstract: To perform predictive maintenance programs for distribution cables circuits
effectively; diagnostic methods are needed to avoid service failures and to reduce cost.
The VLF PDD method is an experienced method to locate potential failures, based on the
detection of partial discharges in distribution cables.
The common method based on the principles of reflectrometry has recently been extended by introducing the so-called multi terminal synchronized diagnostic method. By using this diagnostic method, branched cable circuits and cables of long length (over 15,000 ft) can be diagnosed successfully.
In this presentation after an introduction about different maintenance philosophies, the technical principles of reflectrometry based testing and multi terminal synchronized testing will be explained and typical results of interpretation of the measured information and the conversion into practical recommendations with regard to maintenance actions, like repair or exchange of components. Finally a few cost/benefit evaluations concerning diagnostic testing services and related actions, will be dealt with.
On-Site Cable Diagnostic with Complex Discharge Analyzing (CDA)
Test Voltage, Dirk Russwurm, HV
Technologies Inc.
Abstract: In order to improve the reliability of an electrical grid while reducing the
cost via condition-dependent maintenance, diagnostics of the high voltage components in
the grid is essential.
Therefore, also the demand for diagnosis of power cables is increasing. For partial discharge (PD) testing of power cables, the cable has to be energized with alternating voltages equal or above the operating voltage. As one can imagine, the high capacitive load makes the off-line testing of power cables difficult. Several approaches to overcome this problem exist. However they are always a trade-off, with some disadvantages. For partial discharge testing of the cable, we therefore developed a new, hybrid voltage shape and it’s generator.
It combines the advantages of:
testing with power frequency, which provides PD results identical as under operating conditions
testing with VLF (<=0.1 Hz) with its low exciting power demand
testing with oscillating voltages, which keeps the generator simple and reliable
The CDA system is used for testing medium voltage PILC, XLPE and EPR cables as well as mixed cable structures. A condition assessment of aged cables can be performed as well as PD tests for the commissioning of new cables.
The system is commercial available since four years. Built into a test van, it is in use at several utilities in America and Europe.
The new CDA waveform with its advantages and disadvantages will be
explained to the audience, followed by a description of the standard test procedure.
Several test results will be discussed. At last, an outlook of future developments will be
given.
On Line Partial Discharge Detection in Transmission and Distribution
Cable Systems, Nagu N. Srinivas, Detroit Edison.
Abstract: (later)
Field Testing at Power Frequency, Matthew
S. Mashikian, Imcorp.
Abstract: Topics will include:
Testing philosophy
Excitation voltage
PD location by reflectometry
PD location by arrival time
Application to the testing of branched circuits and to on-line testing
Discussion of on-line versus off-line testing
Field Testing Using DIACS Technique, Zalya
Berler, Cutler Hammer
Abstract: During off-line PD testing, the cable condition is changed due to
changes in the electrical stress, switching surges, temperature, water penetration and
mechanical movement of cable (potheads and termination). On-line testing allows detection
of PD while the cable is in operation without switching off the cable and also allows
trending of PD. Trending of PD is very critical for the PILC type cables. Also, the phase
distribution analyses can indicate the type of PD (surface corona, shield sparking,
destruction of semiconductor insulation layer or PD in insulation).
Partial Discharge On-site Diagnosis of Distribution Power Cables at
Oscillating Voltages, Edward Gulski, Delft University of
Technology.
Abstract: It is known that more than 50% of failure in medium voltage power cable
networks in related to insulation problems. These problems may have two different origins
and they are mainly due to:
poor workmanship in accessories of new or repaired cable sections,
defect induced insulation degradation of cables and accessories.
Most of these insulation problems are accompanied by the presence of partial discharges. In particular, the presence of partial discharges can be described by PD inception/extinction voltages, PD amplitude and PD phase-resolved patterns. Performing PD diagnostics several aspects are of importance:
non-destructive for the cable insulation and uses AC voltage stress conditions.
uses standardised quantities.
provides distinction between different types of insulation problems.
provides PD site location: PD mapping.
It is known, that to obtain a sensitive picture of discharging faults in power cables the PD should be ignited, detected and located at power frequencies which are comparable to operating conditions at 50 or 60 Hz. In this way realistic magnitudes in [pC]/[nC] and reproducible patterns of discharges in a power cable can be obtained.
In this contribution PD detection, measurement and analysis using oscillating wave test method is presented as new PD test procedure of medium voltage PILC and polymeric insulated cables. In particular PD inception conditions, PD magnitudes, PD phase-resolved patterns at slowly decaying voltages at different oscillating frequencies (50Hz....500Hz) as well as the PD-location mappings are compared for several insulation defects. In addition, based on systematic field experiences with
PD diagnosis of existing cable systems
After-repair testing of a cable system
After-laying test of new cable systems
The general applicability of PD detection at oscillating voltages will be discussed.
Partial Discharge and Tan Delta On-Site Testing, Craig Goodwin, HV Diagnostics
Abstract: The presentation covers the use of two of the most successful and widely used
on-site diagnostic techniques, partial discharge and tan delta, to determine the
insulation condition of extruded cables. Both Partial Discharge and Tan Delta diagnostic
interfaces are used in conjunction with a Very Low Frequency High Voltage Generator as one
integrated system to allow on-site diagnostics tests to be performed with one integrated
system. A brief description of the equipment, the practical issues behind the diagnostic
techniques involved and examples from various on site tests are presented. Interesting
differences and similarities between the two diagnostic techniques and the information
that they provide is also presented.
Biograhical Skectches - Educational Program Presenters
Steven Boggs received his Ph.D. and MBA degrees from the University of Toronto in 1972 and 1987, respectively. He spent 12 years with the Research Division of Ontario Hydro and 6 years as Director of Engineering and Research for Underground Systems, Inc. Steve is presently Director of the Electrical Insulation Research Center of the University of Connecticut and Research Professor of Materials Science, Physics, and Electrical Engineering. He is also an Adjunct Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Toronto. He has published widely in the areas of partial discharge measurement, high frequency phenomena in power apparatus, high field degradation of solid dielectrics, and SF6 insulated systems. He was elected a Fellow of the IEEE for his contributions to the field of SF6 insulated systems.
Willem Boone obtained his Masters Degree in Electrical Engineering from Delft University of Technology in The Netherlands and has thirty-five years of experience with KEMA in the field of Electrical Power Transmission and Distribution. Mr. Boone is recognized world-wide as an expert in power cables and he has made a significant contribution to the development of testing methods and related international standards for the electrical cable industry. He is now manager of KEMA Diagnostic Services in the USA, offering diagnostic cable testing services to the utility customers. He is a member of CIGRE, the International Electrotechnical Committee and the Insulated Conductors Committee of the IEEE.
Dirk Russwurm was born in Dresden, Germany on December 19, 1965. He received his Masters degree in High Voltage Engineering from the Dresden University of Technology in 1995. Before joining the staff of HV Technologies, Inc. in Manassas, Virginia, Mr. Russwurm worked for Lemke Diagnostics in Germany as a Design Engineer for Partial Discharge and Monitoring Equipment. Mr. Russwurm is an IEEE member and the author of various papers, mainly in the field of partial discharge and dissipation factor measurements in high voltage insulations.
Craig Goodwin obtained a BSc in Electrical Engineering from University of Natal, South Africa and a Diploma in Project Management. Is a member of the IEEE, SAIEE and ICC. Worked for ABB in South Africa and Switzerland before joining HV Diagnostics Inc. Currently is a Director of HV Diagnostics Inc. based in Atlanta GA.
Zalya Berler is the Strategic Initiatives Manager of Cutler-Hammer Predictive Diagnostics Division. He is the Member of the IEEE and CIGRE. He’s got his MSEE from the Leningrad State University (Russia) in 1973 and held various engineering and managing positions in electric utilities including 10 years with Northern States Power, and power engineering construction companies. He was the founder of the Integrated Partial Discharge Diagnostics, Inc., later converted into the subsidiary of Cutler-Hammer. He has published about 15 papers.
Edward Gulski graduated from Dresden University of Technology, Germany in 1982. In 1991 he received his PhD degree from Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands. At present, he is associate professor at the Delft University of Technology involved in education and research in the field of insulation diagnosis of HV components. He is a member of different Cigre working groups and task forces.
Dr. Mashikian received his MSEE from Wayne State and his Ph.D. from the University of Detroit. From 1983 to 1996 Matt was the Director of the Electrical Insulation Research Center and Professor of Electrical and Systems Engineering. Matt holds a dozen patents covering cable terminations, joints, bushings, insulation devices, lightning protection devices, a partial discharge locator, etc. He has published extensively on the premature aging of cables, cable partial discharge location, and electric vehicles, and has coauthored several EPRI technical reports. Matt is Fellow of the IEEE and member of the Power Engineering Society and the Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society. He is presently the Vice-Chair of the PES Insulated Subcommittee of the EPRI Underground Transmission Task Force, and is a Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Michigan.
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